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Car Battery Function, Working, and Testing Explained

Car Battery Function, Working, and Testing Explained

Want to know everything about car batteries? Here you get to know about car batteries, what are their main functions? How does it work? And How to check the battery of the car?

What is a Car Battery?

Car Battery - It is the main part of the electrical system in an automobile. Without a battery, the vehicle can't be started. It supplies current for the operation of the starter motor, CRDI, ignition system, and the accessories like headlights, radio, horns, and other units.

Car Battery Function, Working, and Testing Explained


Energy change taking place Inside a batter is chemical to electrical and the process is reversible.

Main Purpose 

  • Provide electricity to start the engine.
  • Provide electric power to the vehicle when the engine is off condition.
  • Helps the alternator if the electrical load exceeds the alternator capacity. 

Components Inside a Car Battery

  • Battery cage - it is made up of polypropylene.
  • Positive and Negative Plates
  • Electrolyte (H2SO4) and (H2)
  • Battery terminals (positive will be larger and negative will be smaller.)

How do increase the car battery capacity?
A battery capacity can be increased by increasing the number of plates or surface area of the plate.

How to clean the battery terminals easily?
One of the easiest methods to clean the battery terminals is to prepare the solution of hot water and caustic soda and clean the battery terminal with that.

Construction and Working of Car Battery 

Battery cells are in parallel connection. There are 6 cells each of them is of 2v. Plates are arranged inside each cell and are separated with an insulator. To increase the no of election we take more no of the negative plate than the positive plate. When the battery is connected parallelly the ampere will increase.

Discharge Cycle :

  • The acid reacts with plate material
  • Positive and negative plates form lead up late.
  • Negative terminals have excess elections. 
  • Positive terminals lack electrons.

Charge Cycle :

  • The alternator forces electrons back to the battery. 
  • Lead sulfate broke up PB and so4.
  • Reformation of acid into the electrolyte.
  • Amount of water decreases and acid increases in the electrolyte.

Car Battery Condition Check

Here are some simple methods to check the condition of a car battery by performing several tests.
  1. Do OCV test voltage should be 12.12v.
  2. Specific gravity test by hydrometer. If the reading shows 1.275 then it's a full charge and if it shows 1.100 then it's discharged.
  3. Cranking volt check it should be above 9.5v.
  4. Check to crank ampere. (It should be 130-170 for patrol and 230-270 amp for diesel)

This was the minimum possible information about a car battery. Every automobile student should hold this much knowledge of car batteries. Nowadays, Electric vehicles are also getting launched. Have you checked the new ola car which is battery-operated?  If you have any doubts then ask in the comments. 
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